Self esteem (also: , self confidence, or imprecise: self-esteem, intrinsic value) the psychology is the rating that it has of itself. This can refer to the personality and skills of the individual, the memories of the past and the sense of I or on the sense of self.
External factors can shape the confidence if specific requirements sufficiently objective reasons are given, for example methodological skills, knowledge or experience, repeated activities in similar situations or similar.
Self-esteem is also a political and moral category based, for example, the certainty in a particular situation "in the right" to be, or a standing to right, to perceive, to request or to win.

Theory

Self-esteem results from the comparison of putative subjective capabilities with the requirements facing the personality. It can be determined on very specific and increasingly generalized request situations, for example in psychological tests. A high self-confidence to requirements is, when is estimated in advance, that this situation can be tackled well.
The degree of self-confidence usually depends on the different qualification for certain activities and is subject to temporal changes (such as emotions or fatigue).
People can have an inappropriate self-confidence situational or permanently, by them exceed their capabilities or underestimate. Such misperceptions are created on the basis of individual features, settings and other properties.
A high self-esteem must be however by no means cheap and can develop into arrogance, what is causing other antipathy.

Background
The basis for safe handling of yourself and the environment is closely related to the confidence and the self-esteem. The confidence is formed in the course of child development:
through getting of effects - in particular of those the child to spend a relaxing, positive experienced feelings;
Getting appreciation and recognition (as a special form of social action);
Identify with important caregivers who have the necessary self-confidence and positively respond to the child;
in the later development due to a balance between experienced freedom and of attachment to caregivers.

Six pillars of self-esteem
In addition to the important in the course of development factors to a healthy self-esteem, psychologist Nathaniel Branden calls the following conditions that make up "the six pillars of self-esteem":
Conscious life
Self acceptance
Independent life
Confident assert of the own person
Goal-oriented life
Personal integrity
Authentic self-confidence and self-esteem 

Studies related to the remaining life

Believed that the effect of self-esteem on the other areas of life is lower than general empirical studies suggest: school performance, the look, the popularity among others, the conflicts and the assertiveness against the vulgarities of others would not with the self-esteem correlate. It also no relationship between the self-esteem of 9 to 13 year olds and their later consumption of alcohol was found at the age of 15 years.
On the other hand showed that people with high self-esteem are sociable and happier than other people. Also, with high self-esteem, children are more likely to command around than others.

Unemployment and self esteem

Long-term unemployed, especially those that were previously in years, solid employment, tend to put their self-image defined by their profession in question. Usually a feeling of uselessness occurs after six months to one-year unemployment which may lead in some cases to alienation from the family or other social milieu up to the surrender, and to commit suicide. There apparently are, according to Jeremy Rifkins the end of the work (pages 156 et seq.), a clear connection between growing unemployment and the increase in depression and psychotic disorders.
Here, it is reported that of sociologist and psychologist Thomas t. Cottle, who over the course of fifteen years analysed the psychological consequences of unemployment, noted pathological symptoms at long term unemployed in America, which were classified by the U.S. Government as "discouraged", which resembled those moribund.
Organizers of motivation seminars seem to have recognized the importance of long-term unemployment as a potential source of income. Try with some dubious practices to boost the self esteem of humiliated long-term unemployed. The effectiveness of such "motivation seminars" is however doubtful despite partial support by public employment services. Already lacks any scientific basis that an increase of self-esteem directly increased readiness and success in the labour market. Rather, it seems rather to be that to call the personal responsibility of an individual for his fate in the conscience, instead of external factors for unemployment, such as rationalisation, outsourcing or Automation, to attract an attempt.

Psychology

The value of self is also a concept in scientific psychology, especially in the personality and differential psychology.

Disambiguation
The Auto value describes one of the three components of the self in psychological research. Self worth or synonymous with the self esteem is the affective component. This is the rating of the image by the own person. The cognitive component is the self concept, so the image people about himself. Concepts such as self-efficacy expectations or self-expression can be subsumed under the plot-related component. The concept of self esteem is most likely equivalent to the English term "self esteem" and includes positive and negative reviews of the own person. The term self-esteem, however, is less appropriate, because it is not a feeling or an emotion in the strict sense.

Theoretical integration
Three different sources of to auto-related information reach people. Using introspection can current behavior and experience used to previous events in relationship and emerging as a positive or more negative self-assessment. Depending on how the social comparison is with other people, people will experience differently. Feedback represent the third source of auto-related knowledge. The assessment of this knowledge in turn affects on the self esteem. "Self sources of value", however, refers to areas of life, which, considering his self worth. Transitory self value sources like for example beauty are problem as they cause fluctuations or at all slumps in the self-esteem with aging.

Collection methods
Self esteem is most commonly measured by self description questionnaire. As a one-dimensional method is the Rosenberg self esteem scale (Rosenberg, 1965)  to name a few. She is the internationally most widely used scale very economically determined the global self esteem with ten items. In addition, self value theory assume that self esteem is hierarchically structured, so under the global self esteem several facets of such as performance self-esteem or social self-esteem self-esteem are divided. Multidimensional self scale such as the feelings of inadequacy scale (FIS, Janis & field, 1959) or the multidimensional self scale (MSWS, & Sellin, 2006) taking into account this hierarchical structure.

Development of self esteem
A study published in 2002 thinks that a certain genetic component affects the expression of self-worth. Others - such as the psychological psychotherapist Rolf Merkle - are the opinion or belief that self-confidence is only learned.
The self-assessments of infants be based on reviews like "good" or "bad". In the course of child development, the social comparison becomes more influence, so especially for transitions in new stages of life (for example, training), the self esteem is subject to breaks. Adolescence is characterized by the search for identity and often by self-doubt. A drop in self-esteem there, because the prevailing ideals of beauty most contrary to their pubertal development is especially for girls. Although often it is assumed that personality traits change no longer in adulthood, studies found that the self esteem in this phase of life is quite influenced by familial and professional successes or failures.

Current research
In addition to studies on the explicit self value, mostly self description questionnaire to determine a part of the psychological research today tries to capture the implicit self esteem. It is defined as the spontaneous, not deliberate evaluation of the own person. Indirect methods such as, for example, the implicit association test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) to close on the basis of response to this form of self esteem can be. It is noteworthy that explicit and implicit self esteem in "Self value discrepancies" may gape apart. Furthermore, mechanisms of self appreciation are examined in current research. An example of such a mechanism is the self stereotyping when assumptions and knowledge of a positive-valued group of yourself which is transferred to the own person.

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